Investment Deep-Dive

模组厂竞争力的想法

uncheckedexample.com 10-26 21:36
Original · 中文

关于模组厂竞争力的一点想法。

国内模组厂这些年最大的变化不是产能,是客户结构。以前靠白牌和渠道,现在工控、车规、服务器的占比在往上走。这个变化的意义在于,同样是涨价周期,客户结构决定能不能转嫁成本。

工控和车规的认证周期长,一旦进去就不容易被换掉,所以议价能力比消费级强得多。这也是为什么同样是涨价,有的厂毛利被压得厉害,有的还能守住。

另外一点是库存管理。模组生意的本质是库存生意,谁的周转快、谁的呆滞少,谁就能在价格波动里活下来。这一点比技术路线重要得多,但市场上很少人讨论。

还有一个容易被忽略的地方是客户集中度。集中度高的时候,单个客户的年度降价要求会直接吃掉涨价带来的利润;集中度低的时候,议价反而简单,因为可以按客户分别定价。

再看产能。模组厂的扩产门槛其实不高,设备可以买,厂房可以租,真正难的是拿到稳定的晶圆供应。所以在涨价周期里,能拿到货的厂比产能大的厂更值钱。

最后是人才。这个行业的核心岗位是采购和品质,不是研发。采购决定成本,品质决定客户会不会换掉你。这两类人在国内一直紧缺,谁留得住谁就稳。

English translation · machine-translated (original 中文)
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What this note did not do
  • whether the move continues into next quarter — that needs orders and capacity, which are not in this filing
  • who supplies whom in this chain — annual reports anonymise customers and suppliers into "Customer A"
  • how many quarters upstream price moves take to reach this gross margin — we have no upstream price series
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